Where Is The Taiga Located What Animals Are In The Taiga

Overview of the geography of Russia

Coordinates: 60°Due north 100°E  /  60°Due north 100°E  / sixty; 100

Geography of Russia

Continent	Europe and Asia
Region	Eastern Europe (European Russia) Northern Asia (Siberia)
Coordinates	60°00′00″N 100°00′00″E  /  lx.000°Due north 100.000°E  / threescore.000; 100.000
Area	Ranked 1st
• Total	17,125,192[a] km2 (half dozen,612,074 sq mi)
• Land	95.78%
• Water	iv.22%
Coastline	37,654 km (23,397 mi)
Borders	Poland 204.1 km (126.8 mi) Republic of lithuania 266 km (165 mi) Norway 195.eight km (121.7 mi) Finland 1,271.eight km (790.3 mi) Republic of estonia 138 km (86 mi) Latvia 270.5 km (168.1 mi) Republic of belarus 1,239 km (770 mi) Ukraine 1,925.8 km (1,196.6 mi) Georgia 875.5 km (544.0 mi) Azerbaijan 372.6 km (231.5 mi) Kazakhstan seven,512.viii km (four,668.two mi) China 4,209.3 km (ii,615.5 mi)[b] Mongolia 3,485 km (2,165 mi) North Korea 17 km (11 mi)
Highest point	Mountain Elbrus v,642 m (18,510 ft)
Everyman point	Caspian Sea, −28 g (−92 ft)
Longest river	Yenisei–Angara–Selenge, 5,539 km (3,442 mi)
Largest lake	Lake Baikal 31,722 km2 (12,248 sq mi)
Climate	European Russia and Siberia: mostly cool climate Extreme north: tundra Farthermost southeast: temperate continental
Terrain	Almost of Russian federation consists of ii plains (the East European Manifestly and the Due west Siberian Apparently), two lowlands (the North Siberian and the Kolyma, in far northeastern Siberia), ii plateaus (the Central Siberian Plateau and the Lena Plateau to its east), and a series of mountainous areas mainly full-bodied in the extreme northeast or extending intermittently along the southern border.
Natural resources	Oil, gas, coal, timber, metals, diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, bauxite, nickel, tin, mercury, gold, silver, platinum, titanium, manganese, potash, uranium, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, polymetals, chromium, phosphates, apatites, talc, asbestos, mica, salt, amber, precious and semiprecious stones, sand, clay, limestone, marble, granite, atomic number 26 ore, abundant land, tobacco, tea, citrus fruit, hydroelectricity, fresh h2o, fruits, and vegetables.
Natural hazards	Earthquakes, landslides, storms, hurricanes, forest fires, and floods.
Environmental issues	Deforestation, energy irresponsibility, pollution, and radioactive waste.
Exclusive economic zone	vii,566,673 km2 (2,921,509 sq mi)

Russia (Russian: Россия) is the largest country in the world, covering over 17,125,192 km2 (6,612,074 sq mi), and encompassing more than than 1-eighth of Earth's inhabited land area. Russia extends across 11 time zones, and has the almost borders of any country in the world, with xvi sovereign nations.^[c]

Russia is a transcontinental country stretching vastly over two continents, Europe and Asia.^[i] Information technology spans the northernmost edge of Eurasia, and has the globe's fourth-longest coastline, at 37,653 km (23,396 mi).^{[d] [3]} Russian federation, alongside Canada, is 1 of the world'south only ii countries with a declension forth three oceans,^{[e] [ane]} due to which information technology has links with over thirteen marginal seas.^{[f] [4]} It lies between latitudes 41° and 82° N, and longitudes 19° Eastward and 169° W. Russia is larger than three continents of the world,^[k] and has the same surface area every bit Pluto.^[vi]

Global position and boundaries [edit]

Kaliningrad Oblast, westernmost office of Russia forth the Baltic Sea, is almost 9,000 km (v,600 mi) apart from its easternmost function, Large Diomede Island in the Bering Strait.^[4] This distance spans about vi,800 kilometres (4,200 mi), to Nome, Alaska.^{[ clarification needed ]} From northward to south, the country ranges from the northern tip of the Russian Chill islands at Franz Josef Land to the southern tip of the Republic of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea, spanning most 4,500 kilometres (2,800 mi) of extremely varied, often inhospitable terrain.

Extending for 57,792 kilometres (35,910 mi), the Russian border is the world's longest. Along the xx,139-kilometre country frontier, Russian federation has boundaries with 14 countries: Poland and Lithuania (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Norway, Republic of finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea.

Approximately 2-thirds of the frontier is bounded by seawater. Almost all of the lengthy northern coast is well in a higher place the Chill Circle; except for the port of Murmansk—which receives currents that are somewhat warmer than would be expected at that latitude, due to the effects of the Gulf Stream—that coast is locked in ice much of the year. Thirteen seas and parts of two oceans—the Arctic and Pacific—wash Russian shores. It is separated by close sea, making it a maritime boundary. It besides shares one with Japan.

Administrative and territorial divisions [edit]

With a few changes of condition, virtually of the Soviet Union'due south administrative and territorial divisions of the Russian Commonwealth were retained in constituting the Russian Federation. As of 2014, at that place are eighty-5 administrative territorial divisions (called federal subjects): 20-two republics, nine krais (territories), forty-half dozen oblasts (provinces), 1 democratic oblast, four autonomous okrugs, and three cities with federal status, namely the cities of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Sevastopol.

The republics include a wide variety of peoples, including northern Europeans, Tatars, Caucasus peoples, and ethnic Siberians. The largest federal subjects are in Siberia. Located in due east-primal Siberia, the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the largest federal subject in the country (and the largest country subdivision in the world), twice the size of Alaska. Second in size is Krasnoyarsk Krai, located w of Sakha in Siberia. Kaliningrad Oblast, which is a noncontiguous constituent entity of Russia, is the smallest oblast. The Republic of Ingushetia is both the smallest commonwealth and the smallest federal discipline of Russia except for the iii federal cities. The two most populous federal subjects, Moscow Oblast (with Moscow) and Krasnodar Krai, are in European Russian federation.

Human geography [edit]

Demographics [edit]

Russian federation had a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census,^[vii] which rose to 146.two one thousand thousand every bit of 2021 following the annexation of Crimea in 2014.^[viii] It is the most populous land in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world; with a population density of 9 inhabitants per square kilometre (23 per square mile).^[9]

Urban areas [edit]

• 

  Moscow, the capital and largest city of Russian federation

Russia is one of the world's almost urbanized countries, with roughly 75% of its full population living in urban areas.^[10] Moscow, the capital and largest city, has a population estimated at 12.four million residents inside the city limits,^[eleven] while over 17 million residents in the urban expanse,^[12] and over xx million residents in the metropolitan area.^[13] Moscow is among the world'south largest cities, existence the nearly populous city entirely within Europe, the most populous urban surface area in Europe,^[12] the most populous metropolitan expanse in Europe,^[13] and besides the largest city by land surface area on the European continent.^[14] Saint Petersburg, the cultural upper-case letter, is the second-largest city, with a population of roughly 5.4 million inhabitants.^[15] Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk.

v t due east Largest cities or towns in Russian federation Rosstat (2016 [16] [17]/2017)
	Rank	Proper name	Federal subject field	Pop.	Rank	Proper name	Federal subject field	Popular.
Moscow St. petersburg	1	Moscow	Moscow	[eighteen]12,381,000	11	Rostov-na-Donu	Rostov Oblast	1,120,000	Novosibirsk Yekaterinburg
	2	Saint Petersburg	Saint petersburg	[18]5,282,000	12	Krasnoyarsk	Krasnoyarsk Krai	[19]one,084,000
	3	Novosibirsk	Novosibirsk Oblast	[20]1,603,000	13	Perm	Perm Krai	1,042,000
	4	Yekaterinburg	Sverdlovsk Oblast	[21]1,456,000	14	Voronezh	Voronezh Oblast	i,032,000
	5	Nizhny Novgorod	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	1,267,000	fifteen	Volgograd	Volgograd Oblast	i,016,000
	half-dozen	Kazan	Tatarstan	[22]i,232,000	xvi	Krasnodar	Krasnodar Krai	[23]881,000
	vii	Chelyabinsk	Chelyabinsk Oblast	[24]1,199,000	17	Saratov	Saratov Oblast	843,000
	8	Omsk	Omsk Oblast	[25]1,178,000	xviii	Tolyatti	Samara Oblast	[26]711,000
	9	Samara	Samara Oblast	[26]ane,170,000	xix	Izhevsk	Udmurtia	[27]646,000
	10	Ufa	Bashkortostan	[28]one,126,000	xx	Ulyanovsk	Ulyanovsk Oblast	622,000

Physiography and hydrography [edit]

Geographers traditionally separate the vast territory of Russia into five natural zones: the tundra zone; the Taiga, or wood, zone; the steppe, or plains, zone; the arid zone; and the mountain zone. Well-nigh of Russia consists of two plains (the Eastward European Plainly and the W Siberian Plain), three lowlands (the North Siberian, the Cardinal Yakutian and the East Siberian), ii plateaus (the Key Siberian Plateau and the Lena Plateau), and ii systems of mountainous areas (the Eastward Siberian Mountains in far northeastern Siberia and the Southward Siberian Mountains along the southern border).

Ecoregions [edit]

• 

   desert
   tundra
   tall tundra
   taiga
   forest
   temperate broadleaf forest
   temperate steppe
   steppe

• 

East European plain [edit]

The East European Apparently encompasses most of European Russian federation. The West Siberian Plain, which is the globe's largest, extends east from the Urals to the Yenisei River. Because the terrain and vegetation are relatively uniform in each of the natural zones, Russia presents an illusion of uniformity. Nevertheless, Russian territory contains all the major vegetation zones of the world except a tropical pelting wood.

Icecaps [edit]

Further data: Arctic

Map of the Russian Chill

The Russian Arctic stretches for close to 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) westward to east, from Karelia and the Kola Peninsula to Nenetsia, the Gulf of Ob, the Taymyr Peninsula and the Chukchi Peninsula (Kolyma, Anadyr River, Cape Dezhnev). Russian islands and archipelagos in the Arctic Sea include Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, and the New Siberian Islands.

Nigh 10 percent of Russia is tundra^[29]—a treeless, marshy plain. The tundra is Russia's northernmost zone, stretching from the Finnish border in the west to the Bering Strait in the east, so running south along the Pacific coast to the northern Kamchatka Peninsula. The zone is known for its herds of wild reindeer, for and then-called white nights (sunset at midnight, dawn soon thereafter) in summer, and for days of total darkness in winter. The long, harsh winters and lack of sunshine allow only mosses, lichens, and dwarf willows and shrubs to sprout depression above the arid permafrost. Although several powerful Siberian rivers traverse this zone every bit they flow due north to the Arctic Ocean, partial and intermittent thawing hamper drainage of the numerous lakes, ponds, and swamps of the tundra. Frost weathering is the virtually important physical process here, gradually shaping a mural that was severely modified by glaciation in the last ice age. Less than ane percent of Russia's population lives in this zone. The fishing and port industries of the northwestern Kola Peninsula and the huge oil and gas fields of northwestern Siberia are the largest employers in the tundra. With a population of 180,000, the industrial borderland urban center of Norilsk is second in population to Murmansk among Russia's settlements in a higher place the Arctic Circle. From hither y'all tin can besides see the auroras (northern lights).

Taiga [edit]

Taiga, the nigh extensive natural area of Russia, stretches from the western borders of Russia to the Pacific. It occupies the territory of the Eastern Europe and West Siberian plains to the northward of ° N and most of the territory e of Yenisei River taiga forests reach the southern borders of Russia in Siberia taiga only accounts for over threescore% of Russia. In the north–southward direction the eastern taiga is divided (east of the Yenisei River), with a continental climate, and west, with a milder climate, in general, the climate zone is moist, moderately warm (cool in the north) in the summer and harsh wintertime, in that location is a steady snow cover in the winter. In the latitudinal direction, the taiga is divided into three subzones - northern, center and southern taiga. In the western taiga dense spruce and fir forests on wetlands alternating with pine forests, shrubs, and meadows on the lighter soils. Such vegetation is typical of the eastern taiga, but it plays an important role not fir and larch. Coniferous forest, however, does not course a continuous array and sparse areas of birch, alder, willow (mainly in river valleys), the wetlands - marshes. Within the taiga are widespread fur-bearing animals - sable, marten, ermine, moose, brownish bear, Wolverine, wolf, and muskrat.^[30]

In the taiga is dominated past podzolic and cryogenic taiga soils, characterized by conspicuously defined horizontal structure (only in the southern taiga there is sod-podzolic soil). Formed in a leaching regime and in poor humus. Groundwater is normally found in the wood shut to the surface, washing calcium from the upper layers, resulting in the top layer of soil of the taiga being discolored and oxidized. Few areas of the taiga, suitable for farming, are located mainly in the European part of Russia. Large areas are occupied by sphagnum marshes (here is dominated past podzolic-boggy soil). To enrich the soil for agricultural purposes lime and other fertilizers should be used.

Russian Taiga has the world's largest reserves of coniferous wood, but from year to twelvemonth - equally a result of intensive logging - they decrease. Evolution of hunting, farming (mainly in river valleys).

Mixed and deciduous forests [edit]

The mixed and deciduous woods belt is triangular, widest along the western border and narrower towards the Ural Mountains. The principal trees are Oak and Bandbox, but many other growths of vegetation such as ash, aspen, birch, hornbeam, maple, and pine reside there. Separating the taiga from the wooded steppe is a narrow belt of birch and aspen woodland located east of the Urals as far as the Altay Mountains. Much of the forested zone has been cleared for agronomics, specially in European Russia. Wildlife is more deficient every bit a result of this, but the roe deer, wolf, trick, and squirrel are very mutual.

Steppe [edit]

The steppe has long been depicted as the typical Russian landscape. Information technology is a broad band of treeless, grassy plains, interrupted by mountain ranges, extending from Hungary across Ukraine, southern Russian federation, and Republic of kazakhstan before ending in Manchuria. In a country of extremes, the steppe zone provides the most favorable atmospheric condition for human settlement and agriculture because of its moderate temperatures and usually adequate levels of sunshine and moisture. Even here, withal, agricultural yields are sometimes adversely affected past unpredictable levels of precipitation and occasional catastrophic droughts. The soil is very dry out.

Topography [edit]

Russia's mount ranges are located principally along its continental dip (the Ural Mountains), forth the southwestern border (the Caucasus), along the border with Mongolia (the eastern and western Sayan Mountains and the western extremity of the Altay Mountains), and in eastern Siberia (a circuitous organisation of ranges in the northeastern corner of the land and forming the spine of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and lesser mountains extending along the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bounding main of Japan). Russia has 9 major mountain ranges. In general, the eastern half of the country is much more mountainous than the western half, the interior of which is dominated by depression plains. The traditional dividing line between the east and the due west is the Yenisei River valley. In delineating the western edge of the Key Siberian Plateau from the West Siberian Plain, the Yenisey runs from near the Mongolian border n into the Chill Ocean due west of the Taymyr Peninsula.

Ural Mountains [edit]

The Ural Mountains form the natural purlieus between Europe and Asia; the range extends most 2,100 kilometres (1,300 mi) from the Arctic Ocean to the northern border of Kazakhstan. Several low passes provide major transportation routes through the Urals e from Europe. The highest summit, Mount Narodnaya, is 1,894 metres (6,214 ft). The Urals also contain valuable deposits of minerals.

West Siberian Plain [edit]

To the east of the Urals is the West Siberian Obviously, stretching virtually 1,900 kilometers from w to east and virtually ii,400 kilometers from n to southward. With more than half its territory beneath 200 meters in elevation, the plain contains some of the world'southward largest swamps and floodplains. The plain is largely apartment and featureless. The only slightly elevated areas are the Siberian Uvaly across the central part and the Ob Plateau in the south.^[31] Most of the plain'southward population lives in the drier section southward of 77 north breadth.

Central Siberian plateau [edit]

The region directly east of the West Siberian Plain is the Fundamental Siberian Plateau, which extends eastward from the Yenisei River valley to the Lena River valley. The region is divided into several plateaus, with elevations ranging betwixt 320 and 740 meters; the highest peak is almost ane,800 meters, in the northern Putoran Mountains. The plainly is divisional on the due south by the Primorsky Range and the Baikal Mountains, and on the northward by the North Siberian Lowland, an extension of the West Siberian Obviously extending into the Taymyr Peninsula on the Chill Ocean.

Sayan and Stanovoy Mountains [edit]

In the mountain system due west of Lake Baikal in south-primal Siberia, the highest elevations are 3,300 meters in the Western Sayan, 3,200 meters in the Eastern Sayan, and four,500 meters at Belukha Mountain in the Altay Mountains. The Eastern Sayan reach nearly to the southern shore of Lake Baikal; at the lake, there is an elevation difference of more than than 4,500 meters between the nearest mountain, 2,840 meters high, and the deepest part of the lake, which is 1,700 meters beneath sea level. The mountain systems eastward of Lake Baikal are lower, forming a complex of minor ranges and valleys that reaches from the lake to the Pacific coast. The maximum height of the Stanovoy Range, which runs west to due east from northern Lake Baikal to the Sea of Okhotsk, is 2,550 meters. To the south of that range is southeastern Siberia, whose mountains accomplish 800 meters. Across the Strait of Tartary from that region is Sakhalin Island, Russian federation's largest island, where the highest height is about 1,700 meters. The small-scale Moneron Isle, the site of the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flying 007, is establish to its west.

Caucasus Mountains [edit]

Truly tall terrain appears in the southern mountain ranges. Between the Black and Caspian seas, the Caucasus Mountains rise to impressive heights, forming a boundary between Europe and Asia. I of the peaks, Mount Elbrus, is the highest point in Europe, at v,642 meters. The geological structure of the Caucasus extends to the northwest as the Crimean and Carpathian Mountains and southeastward into Cardinal Asia as the Tian Shan and Pamirs. The Caucasus Mountains create an imposing natural bulwark between Russian federation and its neighbors to the southwest, Georgia and Republic of azerbaijan.

Northeast Siberia and Kamchatka [edit]

Northeastern Siberia, north of the Stanovoy Range, is an extremely mountainous region. The long Kamchatka Peninsula, which juts s into the Sea of Okhotsk, includes many volcanic peaks, some of which are still active. The highest is the 4,750-meter Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the highest bespeak in the Russian Far East. The volcanic chain continues from the southern tip of Kamchatka southward through the Kuril Islands chain and into Japan. Kamchatka too is ane of Russia's two centers of seismic activity (the other is the Caucasus). In 1995, a major earthquake largely destroyed the oil-processing boondocks of Neftegorsk. Also located in this region is the very large Beyenchime-Salaatin crater.

Drainage [edit]

Russia, habitation to over 100,000 rivers,^[1] is divided into twenty watershed districts. It has one of the globe's largest surface water resources, with its lakes containing approximately one-quarter of the world'southward liquid fresh water.^[32] Russian federation is second only to Brazil by total renewable water resources.^[33]

Forty of Russian federation'southward rivers longer than one,000 kilometers are east of the Ural Mountains, including the three major rivers that drain Siberia as they flow northward to the Chill Ocean: the Irtysh-Ob organisation (totaling v,380 kilometers), the Yenisey (5,075 kilometers), and the Lena (iv,294 kilometers), they are amidst the world's longest rivers.^[34] The basins of those river systems cover about eight million square kilometers, discharging virtually 50,000 cubic meters of water per second into the Arctic Ocean. The north period of these rivers means that source areas thaw before the areas downstream, creating vast swamps such as the 48,000-square-kilometer Vasyugan Swamp in the centre of the West Siberian Plain. The same is truthful of other river systems, including the Pechora and the Northern Dvina in western Russia, and the Kolyma and the Indigirka in Siberia. Approximately 10 percent of Russian territory is classified as swampland.

Russia'due south inland bodies of water are chiefly a legacy of all-encompassing glaciation. Ladoga and Onega in northwestern Russian federation are two of the largest lakes in Europe.^[1] However, Lake Baikal is the largest and most prominent among Russia'due south fresh water bodies, is the earth's deepest, purest, oldest and about capacious fresh water lake, containing over one-5th of the world'due south fresh surface water.^[35] Numerous smaller lakes dot northern Russia and Siberian plains. The largest of these are lakes Belozero, Topozero, Vygozero, and Ilmen in the country's northwest and Lake Chany in southwestern Siberia.

A number of other rivers bleed Siberia from eastern mountain ranges into the Pacific Bounding main. The Amur River and its principal tributary, the Ussuri, form a long stretch of the winding purlieus betwixt Russia and China. The Amur system drains virtually of southeastern Siberia. Three basins drain European Russia. The Dnieper, which flows mainly through Belarus and Ukraine, has its headwaters in the hills west of Moscow. The i,860-kilometer Don, which is the fifth-longest river in Europe, originates in the Central Russian Upland s of Moscow and and then flows into the Bounding main of Azov at Rostov-on-Don. The Volga, widely seen as Russian federation's national river due to its historical and cultural importance, is the longest river in Europe,^[34] it rises in the Valdai Hills west of Moscow and meandering southeastward for 3,510 kilometers before emptying into the Caspian Ocean. Altogether, the Volga arrangement drains virtually 1.iv million foursquare kilometers. Linked by several canals, western Russia'due south rivers long have been a vital transportation organization; the Volga remains the land'due south virtually commercial river, and carries about 2-thirds of Russian federation's inland water traffic.

Agriculture geography [edit]

One billion acres of country is arable in Russia, but only about 0.1 percent is permanent agriculture.^[36] The landscapes of region take extremely varied environments because of the following:

• Tundra landscapes cover most of the region, where weather are harsh considering of the common cold climates, and institute life is not very well supported to grow considering of the harsh conditions. This has become a problem, every bit the unfavorable conditions brand agriculture more than difficult.
• Mount ranges are spread through the region, such as the Ural Mountains, which have become the dividing line between European Russia and Eurasian Russia.
• European Russia also has the European plains which extend about 2,000 miles.

The workforce involved in agriculture workforce was reported to be about 9.4% of the population in 2016.^[37]

The principal export of Russian federation is grain, which is about 6% of the world merchandise. Other exported products include fish and oil with 3%, meals with 2%, and meat which accounts for less than 1%.^[38]

Pre-industrial agronomics [edit]

Agriculture has ever been of import for Russia. The land was worked by its peasant class.^[39]

Climate [edit]

The sheer size of Russian federation and the remoteness of many areas from the sea result in the authority of the boiling continental climate, which is prevalent in all parts of the land except for the tundra and the extreme southwest. Mountains in the south and east obstruct the menstruum of warm air masses from the Indian and Pacific oceans, while the patently of the west and n makes the state open to Chill and Atlantic influences. Most of Northwest Russian federation and Siberia has a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of Northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of −71.ii °C or −96.ii °F),^[41] and more than moderate winters elsewhere. Russia's vast stretch of land along the Chill Ocean and the Russian Chill islands accept a polar climate.^[42]

The coastal office of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi, and some coastal and interior strips of the N Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. In many regions of East Siberia and the Russian Far East, winter is dry out compared to summer; while other parts of the country experience more even precipitation beyond seasons. Wintertime precipitation in nigh parts of the country usually falls as snow. The westernmost parts of Kaliningrad Oblast on the Vistula Spit, and some parts in the due south of Krasnodar Krai and the North Caucasus take an oceanic climate. The region along the Lower Volga and Caspian Bounding main coast, as well as some southernmost silvers of Siberia, possess a semi-arid climate.^[forty]

Throughout much of the territory, in that location are only two distinct seasons—winter and summer—as spring and fall are ordinarily brief periods of change betwixt extremely low and extremely high temperatures.^[42] The coldest calendar month is Jan (February on the coastline); the warmest is normally July. Great ranges of temperature are typical. In winter, temperatures go colder both from south to north and from w to eastward. Summers can be quite hot, even in Siberia.^[43]

Area and boundaries [edit]

Area (excluding Crimea):

• Total: 17,098,242 km²
• Land: 17,021,900 km²
• H2o: 79,400 km²

Expanse - comparative:
Slightly larger than twice the size of Brazil

Land boundaries:

• Total (excluding Crimea): xix,917 km

Kaliningrad forms the westernmost part of Russian federation, having no country connection to the rest of the country. It is bounded past Poland, Lithuania, and the Baltic Bounding main.

Crimea, a peninsula on the Black Ocean, is claimed and de facto administered by the Russia since Russia annexed it in March 2014. It is recognized as a territory of Ukraine by most of the international community.

Border countries:

Table of countries with a state border with Russian federation
(listed anti-clockwise around Russia).^[44]

Country	Length (km)
Kingdom of norway	195.8
Republic of finland	i,271.8
Estonia	138
Republic of latvia	270.5
Republic of lithuania	266
Poland	204.1
Republic of belarus	1,239
Ukraine	i,925.8
Georgia	875.five
Azerbaijan	372.6
Kazakhstan	seven,512.viii
Mongolia	iii,485
Red china	4,209.iii
N Korea	17
Nihon	water
Usa	water

If Abkhazia and South Ossetia are counted as sovereign states:^[45]

Land	Length (km)
Abkhazia	255.four
Southward Ossetia	70
remaining border with Georgia	365

Coastline excluding Crimea: 37,653 km (23,396 mi)

Maritime claims:

• Russian continental shelf: 200 chiliad depth or to the depth of exploitation
• Exclusive economic zone: 7,566,673 km² (2,921,509 sq mi) with 200 nmi (370.four km; 230.ii mi)
• Territorial body of water: 12 nmi (22.2 km; xiii.8 mi)

Elevation extremes:

• Lowest point: Caspian Sea: −28 m
• Highest betoken: Mount Elbrus: 5,642 m

Natural resources and state apply [edit]

Russia holds the greatest reserves of mineral resources of any state in the world. Though they are abundant, they are in remote areas with extreme climates, making them expensive to mine. The land is the most abundant in mineral fuels. It may hold as much as one-half of the world'southward coal reserves and even larger reserves of petroleum. Deposits of coal are scattered throughout the region, only the largest are located in fundamental and eastern Siberia. The most developed fields lie in western Siberia, in the northeastern European region, in the surface area around Moscow, and in the Urals. The major petroleum deposits are located in western Siberia and in the Volga-Urals. Smaller deposits are plant throughout the state. Natural gas, a resources of which Russian federation holds effectually forty percentage of the world's reserves, can be institute along Siberia'south Arctic coast, in the North Caucasus, and in northwestern Russia. Major atomic number 26-ore deposits are located south of Moscow, near the Ukrainian border in the Kursk Magnetic Bibelot; this expanse contains vast deposits of iron ore that have caused a deviation in the Earth's magnetic field. In that location are smaller deposits in other parts of the country. The Ural mountains hold modest deposits of manganese. nickel, tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum and other iron alloying elements occur in adequate quantities.

Russia as well contains virtually of the nonferrous metals. Aluminium ores are scarce and are found primarily in the Ural region, northwestern European Russia, and due south-cardinal Siberia. Copper is more abundant and major reserves are located in the Urals, the Norilsk area about the mouth of the Yenisey in eastern Siberia, and the Kola Peninsula. Another vast deposit located east of Lake Baikal but became exploited when the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM) railroad was finished in 1989.

The N Caucasus, far eastern Russia, and the western edge of the Kuznetsk Basin in southern Siberia comprise an affluence of atomic number 82 and zinc ores. These are commonly institute forth with copper, gold, argent, and a large amount of other rare metals. The land has one of the largest gilt reserves in the world; generally in Siberia and the Urals. Mercury deposits can exist found in the key and southern Urals and in s-fundamental Siberia.

Raw materials are abundant also, including potassium and magnesium salt deposits in the Kama River region of the western Urals. Russian federation besides contains 1 of the world's largest deposits of apatite found in the key Kola Peninsula. Rock table salt is located in the southwestern Urals and the southwest of Lake Baikal. Surface deposits of salt are found in salt lakes forth the lower Volga Valley. Sulfur can be found in the Urals and the middle Volga Valley.

8 percent of the state is used for arable farming, four percent—for permanent pastures, 40-6 per centum of the state is forests and woodland, and twoscore-two percent is used for other purposes.

A recent global remote sensing assay suggested that there were 1,002 km² of tidal flats in Russia, making information technology the 33rd ranked country in terms of tidal flat expanse.^[46]

Natural hazards [edit]

Volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands and volcanoes and earthquakes on the Kamchatka Peninsula are other natural hazards.

See also [edit]

• Geography of the Soviet Union
• Geology of Russia
• History of Russia
• List of Russian explorers
• Territorial evolution of Russian federation

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Including the area of Crimea, de facto controlled past Russian federation, but claimed by and internationally recognised as a office of Ukraine.
2. ^ Russia shares 2 separate land borders with China, the much shorter western section is further west than its country edge with Mongolia.
3. ^ Russia shares land borders with fourteen sovereign nations: Kingdom of norway and Finland to the northwest; Republic of estonia, Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine to the west, besides every bit Lithuania and Poland (with Kaliningrad); Georgia and Republic of azerbaijan to the southwest; Kazakhstan and Mongolia to the due south; China and Northward Korea to the southeast—while having maritime boundaries with Japan and the United States.

   ---

   Russia also shares borders with the two partially recognized breakaway states of South Ossetia and Abkhazia.

4. ^ Russia has an boosted 850 km (530 mi) of coastline along the Caspian Bounding main, which is the world'southward largest inland body of h2o, and has been variously classified as a sea or a lake.^[two]
5. ^ Exlcuding countries with overseas dependencies.
6. ^ Russia borders, clockwise, to its southwest: the Blackness Sea and the Sea of Azov; to its w: the Baltic Body of water; to its north: the Barents Body of water, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the Pechora Body of water, the White Bounding main, and the Eastward Siberian Sea; to its northeast: the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea; and to its southeast: the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan.
7. ^ Russian federation, by land area, is larger than the continents of Australia, Antarctica,^[5] and Europe; although it covers a large office of the latter itself.

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Russia". National Geographic Kids. National Geographic. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
2. ^ "Is the Caspian a ocean or a lake?". The Economist. 16 Baronial 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2021. Like many lakes, it does not feed into an ocean, but it is body of water-like in its size and depth.
3. ^ "Coastline - The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency . Retrieved 27 June 2021.
4. ^ ^{a b} Glenn E. Curtis, ed. (1998). "Global Position and Boundaries". Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Partitioning of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
5. ^ Taylor, Callum (two April 2018). "Russia is huge, and that's about the size of it". Medium . Retrieved 6 July 2021. Russia takes upward 17,098,250 foursquare kilometres, roughly ane-eighth of the world'southward total land mass. That's larger than the entire continent of Antarctica...
6. ^ Clark, Stuart (28 July 2015). "Pluto: ten things we now know about the dwarf planet". The Guardian . Retrieved 20 June 2021. Pluto's diameter is larger than expected at 2,370 kilometres across. This is about two-thirds the size of World'south moon, giving Pluto a expanse comparable to Russia.
7. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том one [2010 All-Russian Population Demography, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Demography] (in Russian). Federal Country Statistics Service.
8. ^ Rosstat (2020). "Оценка численности постоянного населения на 1 января 2020 года и в среднем за 2019 год". gks.ru.
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16. ^ Surinov, A.; et al., eds. (2016). "5. Population: Cities with population size of 1 million persons and over". Russia in Figures (PDF) (Written report). Moscow: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). p. 82. ISBN978-5-89476-420-7 . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
17. ^ Оксенойт, Г. К. (2016). 31. Численность населения городов и поселков городского типа по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации. In Рахманинов, М. В. (ed.). Численность населения Российской Федерации: По муниципальным образованиям (Report) (in Russian). Москва: Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Росстат). Retrieved June 12, 2017.
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24. ^ Численность постоянного населения Челябинской области в разрезе городских округов, муниципальных районов, городских и сельских поселений на ane января 2017 года. chelstat.gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
25. ^ База данных показателей муниципальных образований Омской области (Население). gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
26. ^ ^{a b} Утвержденная численность постоянного населения Самарской области (на 1. ane. 2017. г. и среднегодовая за 2016. г.). samarastat.gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
27. ^ Численность постоянного населения Удмуртской Республики /Утверждено Росстатом (письмо от 3. 3. 2017. г., No. 08-08-four/891-ТО)/ (PDF). udmstat.gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
28. ^ Оценка численности постоянного населения Республики Башкортостан на 1 января 2017 года по муниципальным образованиям (PDF). gks.ru . Retrieved June 12, 2017.
29. ^ https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/climate2030_russia.pdf^{[ blank URL PDF ]}
30. ^ ^: 84–109
31. ^ Приобское плато; Corking Soviet Encyclopedia in 30 vols. — Ch. ed. A.G. Prokhorov. - third ed. - Thou. Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (in Russian)
32. ^ Glenn Eastward. Curtis, ed. (1998). "Topography and Drainage". Washington, D.C.: Federal Inquiry Division of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
33. ^ "Total renewable h2o resources". The Globe Factbook. Key Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
34. ^ ^{a b} "Russia's Largest Rivers From the Amur to the Volga". The Moscow Times. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
35. ^ "Lake Baikal—A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
36. ^ Hays, Jeffrey. "Agronomics AND AGRICULTURE POLICY IN Russian federation | Facts and Details". factsanddetails.com . Retrieved 2018-10-13 .
37. ^ "The World Factbook — Key Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov . Retrieved 2018-xi-01 .
38. ^ "In 2017 the export of agricultural products from Russia will exceed $20.five billion". UkrAgroConsult (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-11-01 .
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40. ^ ^{a b} Beck, Hylke Eastward.; Zimmermann, Niklaus Eastward.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis; Forest, Eric F. (30 October 2018). "Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution". Scientific Data. United States National Library of Medicine. five: 180214. Bibcode:2018NatSD...580214B. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214. ISSN 2052-4463. PMC6207062. PMID 30375988.
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44. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-ten-eleven. Retrieved 2016-09-01 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create equally title (link)
45. ^ Georgia and the majority of the globe does not recognize the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, considering the Russian border with these countries as office of the Russian–Georgian edge.
46. ^ Murray, N.J.; Phinn, S.R.; DeWitt, M.; Ferrari, R.; Johnston, R.; Lyons, M.B.; Clinton, N.; Thau, D.; Fuller, R.A. (2019). "The global distribution and trajectory of tidal flats". Nature. 565: 222–225. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8.

Further reading [edit]

• Blinnikov, Mikhail S. A geography of Russian federation and its neighbors (Guilford Press, 2011)
• Catchpole, Brian. A map history of Russian federation (1983)
• Chew, Allen F. An Atlas of Russian History: Eleven Centuries of Changing Borders (2nd ed. 1967)
• Gilbert, Martin. Routledge Atlas of Russian History (4th ed. 2007) excerpt and text search
• Henry, Laura A. Red to green: ecology activism in mail-Soviet Russia (2010)
• Kaiser, Robert J. The Geography of Nationalism in Russia and the USSR (1994).
• Medvedev, Andrei. Economic Geography of the Russia (2000)
• Parker, William Henry. An historical geography of Russia (University of London Printing, 1968)
• Shaw, Denis J.B. Russia in the modernistic globe: A new geography (Blackwell, 1998)

External links [edit]

• Keen Russian landscape places (20 photo)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Russia

Posted by: irvinhaster.blogspot.com

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